Companies issue bonus shares in lieu of monetary compensation for dividends. Organisations can also issue bonus shares to convert a portion of retained earnings into equity shares. Issued capital is that portion of authorized share capital that is issued for the subscription.

1. In ordinary parlance, share capital means the capital raised by the company by the issue of shares.
2. Equity shares can be purchased from the stock exchange based on their prevailing market price at the time of purchase.
3. On allotment of shares, share certificates are issued to the successful applicants.
4. The formalized concept of allotment of shares gained prominence as corporate laws and regulations govern stock issuance, trading, and ownership.

In this article, we will look at the different types of shares like preferential and equity shares. Further, we will understand certain definitions and regulations surrounding them. Right issue refers to selling of shares or convertible securities to present shareholders by companies. This issue is made at a concessional rate on specified time set by company itself.

A company can raise funds in several ways; the issue of shares is one of them. Through share issuance, a company offers shares to the public and allots them to interested investors. In this article, read about what type of shares it can issue, how a company can use the proceeds of share issuance, and other details. Under this type of issue, company issues share on public-cum-rights basis and make shares allotment on concurrent basis. In this way, a contract is entered into between the company and the applicants.

But the company may change this limit by observing the required statutory provisions. A preference share is that share that has certain preferential rights over the equity share. These preferential rights are given in two respects, (a) as regards the payment of dividend either as a fixed amount or at a fixed rate; and (b) to the payment of the paid-up capital.

Who can purchase shares?

The finalization of the basis of allotment will determine the number of shares allotted to each category of investors. This is the most common type of share issued by an enterprise that grants voting rights to the shareholders. The meaning of the Issue of Shares is that the shares of an enterprise or any financial asset are distributed among shareholders who wish to purchase them. These shareholders can be either individuals or corporates who take part in buying the shares at a specific price. Issue of Shares is the process by which companies pass on new shares to shareholders, who can be either individuals or corporates. While acquiring the shares, companies follow the rules prescribed by the Companies Act 2013.

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Both these types of shares vary in regards to share in profitability, voting rights, as well as settlement of capital when a company is winding up or is being liquidated. A company’s capital is divided into small equal units of a finite number called shares. The application is required to be submitted before the closing types of issue of shares of the subscription. After the last date of receiving applications, the collecting banker sends all applications to the company along with a draft for the application money collected by the bank.

In simple words, a share is a small part of the total share capital of a company. The capital of a company is divided into a large number of equal parts/units of small denomination. Regulatory authorities oversee the allotment of shares process to ensure fairness, transparency, and compliance with securities laws.

Equity shares can be purchased from the stock exchange based on their prevailing market price at the time of purchase. Shares other than equity are available for purchase in the over-the-counter market. Share capital is the money received by the company through the issue of shares.

Generally, a part of the share capital of a public limited company is contributed by the promoter directors and financial institutions. This is done by inviting offers for purchase or subscription of shares from the general public through the issue of the prospectus. Shares are issued in three steps; 1st-  An enterprise releases a prospectus with relevant details of its shares to the public. 2nd- Whoever wishes to purchase the shares can deposit the amount and an application in a scheduled bank.

Solved Question on Equity Shares and Preference Shares

As the name suggests, entities holding these voting shares are entitled to cast their vote in matters concerning a company’s policies or election of directors. When it comes to types of shares, ordinary shares involve classification based on two understandings. An individual, public and private companies, and institutions can buy a company’s shares. For equity stock analysis, you can use Tickertape’s Stock Pages to make data-backed investment decisions.

After obtaining regulatory approval, XYZ Tech Solutions released its prospectus containing information about its products, financials, management, and growth strategy. As the name suggests, these shares might be bought back by an enterprise that sold them for the first time from the shareholders. However, it is required to file a “Statement in lieu of Prospectus” with the register of companies. The Prospectus contains relevant information like names of Directors, terms of issue, etc.

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Such share premium collected by the company is credited to a separate A/c called as “Securities Premium A/c”. A common feature in all variants of shares is the right to dividends, which a company pays out of the profit. The issue of shares by a company is governed by the Companies Act, 2013. The Memorandum and Articles of Association of the company prescribe the rights and obligations of shareholders.